Friday, May 31, 2019

The Internet :: essays research papers

     The lucre, or net, is a vast network of computers that connectsmany of the worlds businesses, institutions, and individuals. The net is composed of many parts, including the World Wide tissue, FTP,IRC, Newsgroups, Gopher, WAIS, Archie, and of course Electronic Mail(Email).     The Internet is mainly wasting diseased for communication. Email is the mostheavily used resource of the Internet- over 40 million email messagesare sent through the Internet a day. The second most used resource,called the World Wide Web, or network, consists of pages of words, images,sounds, and video.     The Internet is continuing to grow at 40% a year, with about 20 millionusers, mainly in USA, Canada, and Australia, but still many all over theworld. You can do many things on the Internet, such as crap for justabout anything, bank and manage money, watch and listen to live cabletelevison and radio broadcasts, talk to other users with voic e like atelephone, lot international meetings, and approaching all kinds ofinformation on any subject imaginable.     As mentioned earlier, the WWW consists of pages and pages of text,images, sounds, and video. Unlike pages in a book, there is no supremesize for a page, and there is HyperText Links. If you click on any oneof these links, the computer will automatically go to the page specifiedby the link. The WWW is programmed in a computer language called HyperText Markup Language, or HTML.     Searching the Web can be a difficult thing to do, or if you use asearch engine, it can be really easy. Since so many new web pages areadded to the Web a day, a very advanced index is hard to keep, and analphabetical listing of millions of web pages would be almost impossibleto navigate through. To help this problem, people developed searchengines that search the Web for you. Some search engines, like Yahoo,search in a big web directory they have ma de of hundreds of thousands ofweb pages, that is organized like a phonebook. opposite search engines,like Alta Vista, or Magellan, search in a list of Web pages it hascreated as it surfed the web all by its self.     People usually access the Internet through a computer using a devicecalled a modem. Modems connect people to the net through telephonelines. Some companies, and the " burden" of the Internet, Use Fiber-Opticcables to connect. Fiber-Optic cabled are made of hair-thin strands ofglass that carry information at the speed of light as pulses of light.Fiber-Optics are thousands of times smart than standard copper

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Expression in Art :: Essays Papers

Expression in ArtBefore the portrayal of the human be can be critiqued, you must understand the wileists culture. As man evolved over centuries, his views of the body also transformed. Our tour definitely showed the drastic changes in different cultures art. severally culture and era presents very distinct characteristics. Through time and experimentation, we have expressed our views of the human body clearly with our art. Egyptians were the first people to put one across a large impact on the world of art. Egyptians needed art for their religious beliefs more than decoration or self-gratification. The most beta aspect of Egyptian liveness is the ka, the part of the human spirit that lives on after death. The ka needed a physical place to occupy or it would disappear. Most of the important men of Egypt paying to have their body carved out of stone. That was were the spirit would live after the man dies. They used stone because it was the strongest material they could find. Long evity was very important. The bodies are forever and a day idealized and clothed. Figures are very rigid, close-fisted, and are built on a vertical axis to show that the person is grand or intimidating. Most of the figures were seen in the same profile of the legs, frontal view of the torso, and profile of the head. Like most civilizations, Egyptians put a lot of faith in gods. The sky god Horus, a bird, is found in a great amount of Egyptian art. Little recognition was ever given to the artists. The emphasis was on the patron. Early Greek art was greatly influenced by the Egyptians. Geography permitted both cultures to exchange their talents. The beginning of Greek art is marked by the geometrical phase. The most common art during the Geometric phase was vase painting. After the vase was formed but before it was painted, the artist applied a slip (dark pigment) to outside. Then the vase was fired and the artist would incise his decorations into the hard shell. It was important to incise humans into the fired slip and not paint with slip. The people in the pictures needed light colored skin, which was the color beneath the slip, because Greeks wanted to make their art as realistic as possible. Much like Egyptian art, the Greeks idealized the bodies of the people in their works. As the Archaic Period evolved, Greek sculptures were virtually identical to the Egyptians.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

The Outsiders :: essays research papers

The Outsidersby S.E. HintonPublished 1967Published by Puffin BooksGenre fictionThe book The Outsiders is the realistic story about this between two very diametrical groups in a town in the United States the poor Greasers from the east side, and the Socs, whitch is what the greasers call the socials, the richer boys from the other side of the town. Ponyboy Curtis is the narrator of the story, a 14-year-old boy who lives with his two honest-to-god brothers, Darry and Soda. He is a pretty good athlete and student, simply is not treated the same as the richer students at his school. Ponyboy uses to have long hair that he greases back, a symbol of being in the outsider gang. He is unhappy with his situation, because Darry is too protective of him and he always has to be afraid of Socs attacking him. unmatched night Pony and his best friend insurrectionist are attacked by a group of drunken Socs. When one of the Socs tries to drown Pony, he goes unconscious and when he wakes up, he s ees that Johnny has killed one of the Socs. The two boys decide to go to their friend Dally he gives them money and directions to a church in the country. There they befog out for a long week, and after it Dally comes to find them. After eating, they return to the church and see that it has caught fire. A group of children are stuck in the fervent building. Pony and Johnny do not hesitate and jump in to save the children, Pony gets out ok but Johnny is hit with a piece of falling wood and serious burnt. The boys appear in the news as heroes, even though they are still wanted for murdering the Soc. Pony is fine, but Johnny is badly hurt. After a while, there is a big fight between the Greasers and the Socs. The Greasers win, but when Dally and Pony go to tell Johnny that they won, he dies during their visit. Dally is destroyed by this and later he calls Pony to tell him that he robbed a store and is being chased by the cops. They upsurge to meet him, and see him shot down after he pulls a gun on the police. Pony is scared by what has happened, and convinces himself that he, not Johnny, killed the Soc.

Water in T. Coraghessan Boyles Greasy Lake Essay -- T. Coraghessan B

Water in T. Coraghessan Boyles Greasy LakeWater is a powerful medium for introspection. This truth is translucent in the short story, Greasy Lake, by T. Coraghessan Boyle. In this story, water serves as a catalyst for self-reflection, as it propels the protagonist into a certain degree of conflict, and ultimately whole shebang to reveal and confront the character?s inner struggle. In Greasy Lake, the dualism of the characters nature is ever-present. They are self-proclaimed bad guys who cultivated decadence like a taste (79). As the story progresses, however, it is revealed that incisively the opposite is true. While they are essentially caricatures of themselves, it is this dynamic that drives the story. Their tough exterior is just that, an exterior veneer that permeates their actions as dangerous characters. The bank clerk is somewhat detached from the junior self of his story. It is an ironic detachmenta parody of his moral ignorance. He recalls the bad? antics of his youth driving their parents whining station wagons, but doing so as bad as humanly possible, of course. He mocks both himself and his friends in his retrospection of their experience in Greasy Lake, the consummate locale of bad. To the boys, the lake serves as a kind of haven for bad characters such as themselves. Truly, however, the lake is an extension of the dynamic between who the boys are and who they parade around as. It is here where the previous and false understanding about their world is shattered, and they are thrust into a moralistic reformation. Ultimately, the dichotomous nature of the protagonist is resolved by his visit to the lake, and perhaps, the lake itself. Water proves to be significantly influential as it relates to... ...ll he can do is suppress his urge to cry. The protagonist?s realization of his own maturity is ironic. Once so eager to appear ?bad,? but lacking the true nitty-gritty of this word, the fibber has achieved this status at the price of his naivete, and wishes that he could return. In ?Greasy Lake,? water is a powerful entity. The lake works to reveal the true nature of the narrator and his friends. Water is in itself the most influential character of the story. It submerges the protagonist, both physically and metaphorically, in his own mentality. The lake serves as a great equalizer. It creates and resolves conflict, all to force the narrator to confront his weakness and reveal his strength.Works CitedBoyle, T. Coraghessan. ?Greasy Lake.? Doubletakes Pairs of Contemporary Short Stories. Ed. T. Coraghessan Boyle. Boston Wadsworth, 2004. 79-87

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Star Mars :: essays research papers

Star Mars     Since the boom in space technology about 30 historic period ago, universe has found themethod for expanding his existence beyond the many once thought "unbreakablebarriers." Together with this development in space technology came a deepquantity of information and discoveries of the compounds of the universe, andscientific questions seemed to jump out in equal number. The question thatcaptures the eye of the media today causing a bitter controversy is probably themost easy to understand, considering the complex astronomy jargon. Is lifepossible on Mars? The fact is we still dont know. " some(prenominal) of the earlyarguments we now know to be almost certainly erroneous, but even the most recentpieces of register do not unambiguously demonstrate the existence of life onMars." ( Sagan and Shklovskii 273)     Some scientist believe man should look up in the sky searching for newhabitats for future generations, si nce human kind today seems to be going rearward in many aspects of the earths ecology. The first attempt would be tostudy the moon the second, our neighbor planet. Unfortunately, our actualtechnology slightly provides strong, useful information about the tearing planetbecause of the vast distance between us.     While people such as Steven Spielberg and George Lucas try to convinceus with hundred million dollar movies that we atomic number 18 not alone, engineers andgeologists like from the NASA-Stanford University team pursue, based on trueevidence, the idea of possible life on Mars. However, the burden of proof issometimes too overweight even based on real evidence. The tough debate started onAugust 1996, when scientists from the NASA-SU team announced that a meteoritefound on the Antartica contained evidence of yesteryear life on the red planet. Theysupported their conclusion on the basis of organic molecules, carbonates, andminerals found inside the rock, which are basic components of living things.This announcement astound the world, but not the critics who skepticallystated opposite explanations for each of the components discovered. The maindiscussion focused by critics like Allan Treiman arguing that "This scientisthave lowered the standards of evidence rather than raised them, which is whatyou would expect for a claim this extraordinary." (qtd. in Begley and Rogers58) The problem raises when it is proved that those kinds of minerals andorganic molecules found in the meteorite, which fell from Mars about 13,000years ago, can also be formed during nonbiological reactions such as very hightemperatures.     For us, the common magazine readers, it is difficult to deal with thesetwo positions the final acceptation of extraterrestrial life, which is the

Star Mars :: essays research papers

Star Mars     Since the boom in space technology about 30 long time ago, military personnel has found themethod for expanding his existence beyond the many once thought "unbreakablebarriers." Together with this development in space technology came a hugequantity of information and discoveries of the compounds of the universe, andscientific questions seemed to jump out in equal number. The question thatcaptures the eye of the media today causing a bitter controversy is plausibly themost easy to understand, considering the complex astronomy jargon. Is lifepossible on Mars? The fact is we still dont know. " somewhat of the earlyarguments we now know to be almost certainly erroneous, but even the most recentpieces of state do not unambiguously demonstrate the existence of life onMars." ( Sagan and Shklovskii 273)     Some scientist believe man should look up in the sky searching for newhabitats for future generations, since huma n kind today seems to be goingbackwards in many aspects of the earths ecology. The first attempt would be tostudy the moon the second, our neighbor planet. Unfortunately, our actualtechnology slightly provides strong, useful information about the blushful planetbecause of the vast distance between us.     While people such as Steven Spielberg and George Lucas try to convinceus with hundred million dollar movies that we argon not alone, engineers andgeologists like from the NASA-Stanford University team pursue, based on trueevidence, the idea of possible life on Mars. However, the burden of proof issometimes too healthy even based on real evidence. The tough debate started onAugust 1996, when scientists from the NASA-SU team announced that a meteoritefound on the Antartica contained evidence of last(prenominal) life on the red planet. Theysupported their conclusion on the basis of organic molecules, carbonates, andminerals found inside the rock, which are basic components of living things.This announcement kayoed the world, but not the critics who skepticallystated opposite explanations for each of the components discovered. The maindiscussion focused by critics like Allan Treiman arguing that "This scientisthave lowered the standards of evidence rather than raised them, which is whatyou would expect for a claim this extraordinary." (qtd. in Begley and Rogers58) The problem raises when it is proved that those kinds of minerals andorganic molecules found in the meteorite, which fell from Mars about 13,000years ago, can also be formed during nonbiological reactions such as very hightemperatures.     For us, the common magazine readers, it is difficult to deal with thesetwo positions the final espousal of extraterrestrial life, which is the

Monday, May 27, 2019

Introduction to Сommunication in Health and Social Care

Identify diametrical reasons why people march onPeople communicate for different reasons. To portray their feelings, opinions, emotions, pain. To express take ins, shargon ideas and in forgeation People push aside communicate verbally by talking or writing. Or even by soundbox lecture / sign vocabulary. Communications asshole be theatrical roled to bring out changes in attitudes, motivate people and to create and maintain relationships. Communication is decisive for providing and guaranteeking teaching, and it is also crucial for developing positive relationships with people. Communication is pregnant to make and be understoodExplain how affective communication affects all aspects of own workEffective communication is classical as it ensures that learning is clear, accurate, non-judgemental and informative. This helps to reduce the possibility of mistakes being made. It ensures capture c ar service delivery. It is important to communicate with your colleagues, so that all targets and outcomes are met.Effective communication is important so that yourself and the service user fully understand eachformer(a). This includes using words, feedback, action, body wording and gestures. With effective communication service users and family will enjoy the services provided.Explain why it is important to observe an individual reactions when communicating with themAll communication has an effect on the person that you are communicating with. Interactions a two way process, it is important to fix the effects so that any problems can be identified and dealt with. In order to be effective in care and supporting service users you see to be a good communicator whether this is through speaking, body speech communication, facial expressions or gestures.Some clock you are able to communicate with others without having to use words. When communicating face to face the other person whitethorn non always indicate verbally that they understand, or if they agree. Obs erving body language is very important as it helps the speaker understand if the other person agrees or understands etc.Find out an individuals communication and language needs, wishes and preferencesEffective communication happens when the right method is used to send a message so it can be received and understood. Care workers need to know virtually a range of communication methods. They should also be skilled at identifying the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of the people with whom they work and interact. Service users can be people from a diverse range of backgrounds who will want to communicate in different ways. conclusion out about each individuals language needs, wishes and preferences is an important part of your role.You can do this byAsking people whether they or their relatives contribute particular language or communication needs.Referring to the Service users Care PlanReading reports and notes about service users that provide information on speech and language issues, learning difficulties, disabilities e.g. (hearing or visual impairment) or physical conditions (e.g. stroke, cleft palate) that may affect their ability to communicate.Being aware that an individuals culture, ethnicity and nationality may affect their language preferences and needs.Observing the people who use your setting to see how they use their communication and language skills.Asking your supervisor/mentor, senior ply and specializer professionals such as speech and language therapists, occupational therapists and mixer workers for information, advice and support about how best to communicate with adults who have special communication needs.Show how and when to judge advice about communication.There may be situations in which you feel unsure about how you shouldcommunicate with a service user or another person in your work setting. In some situations you will be aware that you are struggling to communicate effectively with somebody. In situation s like these, you should seek advice and obtain support.You can do this by talking to your supervisor, mentor or line passenger car about the difficulty, You can ask for their advice about how to deal with the problem, You can also speak with the communication or language support specialists (teachers, psychologists or speech and language therapists). Your goal is always to ensure that the messages you send can be received and understood. To achieve this you may sometimes need to change or adapt the form of communication that meets each individuals needs, wishes and preferences.Identifybarriers to communicationTo identify the barriers to communication, the sender and receiver of the message need to consider several factors.Sensory DeprivationWhen soulfulness speaks a different language or uses sign language, they may not be able to make any sense of information they are being given by someone trying to help them if that person does not speak their language.JargonWhen a service pro vider uses technical language the service user may not understand. For sample The doctor may say that a patient needs bloods or an MRI scan. That can sound very frightening to someone who has been rushed into hospital. It is best if the doctor explains that they need to take some blood to do dome simple tests and then explains what an MRI scan is. Understanding the facts can make something face less scary.SlangWhen a service user uses language that not everyone uses, such as saying they have a problem with their waterworks. This can mean their plumb system. But also means a problem going to the toilet. Sometimes it may be appropriate to use slang with your peers, but whilst working with colleagues or service users you should avoid using any language that can be misunderstood, misinterpreted or may cause offence.Emotional difficultiesWe all have emotional difficulties at times and become upset, you might of split up with your boyfriend / girlfriend or had an argument, or you cou ld have had some bad news. The effect can be not to hear or understand what people are saying to you. This can lead to misunderstandings.Health IssuesWhen you are feeling unwell, you may not be able to communicate as effectively as when you are feeling well. This can affect your colleagues and service users. Similarly, people who are being cared for in hospital because of an illness may not be able to communicate in their normal way. Some long term chronic illnesses such as Parkinsons disease or septuple sclerosis also affect an individuals ability to communicate and you need to be aware of this if you are working with these people.Environmental problemsWhen communication is affected by the environment that people find themselves in. For example Someone who does not see very well will struggle to read written information in a dimly lit room. A person who is in a wheelchair may find it impossible to communicate with the receptionist at the dentist if the desk is too luxuriously an d above the wheelchair users head.Identify sources of information and support or services to enable more effective communicationTranslation servicesThis service can help with changing the written textual matter from language to another.Interpreting servicesThis service can help with converting spoken language to another language.Speech and language servicesSupport people who have had a stroke and have problems with their speech.Advocacy servicesThis service can support people who are unable to speak up for themselves. This service trys to understand the needs, wishes and preferences of people, and will argue on their behalf.Sometimes you will need to find specialist advice because a persons communication needs are too complex for you to deal with alone. Someone who has an illness that affects their ability to produce sounds or fudge their neck and facial muscles may need to speak using a piece of assistive technology. For these type of issues, you will need the advice of a speech and language therapist who is an expert and will be able to advise on and kind of specialised communication needs.Explain the term confidentialityConfidentiality means not sharing information about individuals without their knowledge and agreement and ensuring that written and electronic information cannot be accessed or read by people who have no reason to see it. Confidentiality is important because People may not trust a support worker who does not keep information confidential People may not feel valued or able to keep their self esteem if their private details are shared with others Peoples safety may be delegate at risk if details of their property and habits are shared publiclyA professional service that maintains respect for individuals must keep private information confidential. There are legal requirements under the data protection act 1998 to keep professional requirements laid down by the regulators that make it the duty of professionals to keep information confidential .Describe situations where information normally considered to be confidential might need to be passed on.Sometimes confidential information disclosed by a service user may need to be passed on to others if there is a risk of danger or harm to the service user or other people, if abuse is suspected, or if there is suspected misconduct of a colleague, in respect of care of a service user (whistle blowing) You must inform the service user why the information needs to be passed on to others, and that it is your responsibility to do so.Explain how and when to seek advice about confidentialityIt is very important as a care worker that you understand when to seek advice about confidentiality. Confidentiality is essential in care work to improve trust and working relationships between the service users and their carers. Certain information is however shared amongst teams if it is demand to effectively support service users and others involved in their care. Take for example when there is a prospect of danger or harm to the service user, staff or members of the public.Additionally if abuse is suspected within the home or seen anywhere or if there is a misconduct of a staff. It is the responsibility to the supervisors or the appropriate bodies to take appropriate actions. In most cases organisations have whistle blowing policies to guide and protect staff from victimisation after blowing the whistle and also to guide them on how to break confidentiality.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Blue Nile Case Essay

Background glum Nile has grown into one of the largest jewelry retailers in the United States with only using the Internet as its distribution channel. The success is a direct result of a well-crafted business strategy that attracts high expenditure customers and provides them with in-depth education about diamonds and jewelry. Gamble, Peteraf, Strickland III, and Thompson (2012), indicated that the companys strategy provides customers with high quality diamonds, exceptional customer service and low prices (p. c-128). They pride themselves on their selection and salient(ip) education that they provide to consumers looking for the perfect diamond. In addition they have received various awards and recognition from Forbes and Bizrate.com (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, & Strickland, 2012, p. C-127). Blue Nile has found a niche in which to differentiate itself by creating an online food marketplace for jewelry shopping and with low operating costs which makes them extremely competitive. I n viewing Blue Niles website, one can checker that they have a vast heart of for potential buyers, that which determine a diamonds value- carat, clarity, color, cut, and cut grade.StrengthThe company has a user comradely site that present a lot of diamonds styles to choose from with the 5Cs of diamond selection which are cut shape, cut, color, clarity and carat weight. Their price is much dismount than others. Blue Niles also prides themselves on their selection and outstanding education that they provide to consumers looking for the perfect diamond (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, & Strickland, 2012, p. C-127).WeaknessBlue Nile deals in a abject area with a specialty offering. Brand awareness remains a constant source of weakness for the company. Blue Nile, Inc. needs to increase their advertising defend to attract virgin and retain old customers.OpportunitiesBlue Nile needs to develop a strong brand awareness that will allow can compete with Tiffany and Co. Blue Nile, Inc. rec ently opened warehouses in Canada and Britain, but has limited globalization to sales of 40 nations. Blue Nile will need global growth into the European market could prove to be a financial success.ThreatsThrough the operating capital calculations it indicates that Blue Niles strategy is needs some adjustments in the current market space. From 2005 to 2009 the cash that has been available for the firms day-to-day operations has dropped dramatically. There was an estimated $58.8 billion in sales in the United States alone in 2009 (Thompson, 2012, p. C-127). With Blue Nile taking $302 million in sales in 2009, they had a great year but in reality only maintain a little than 1% of the market industry hold. This suggests that there is room for growth in this are. With steady profits for the past two years, 2011 has been the best year even though the 4th quarter resulted in small loss. The company profits are 2011 $348 million, 2010 $332.9 million, 2009 $302.1 million, and in 2008 $ 295.3 million be (Blue Nile, 2012, Investor Relations).ReferencesBlue Nile, Inc. 2011 Annual Report (2012). Blue Nile, Inc. (online). Retrieved from http//files.shareholder.com/downloads/NILE/1855688484x0x560442/D1DAE1BA-0161-4574-8447-242F9561DF0E/2011_Annual_Report_FINAL.pdfThompson, A. A., Peteraf, M. A., Gamble, J. E., & Strickland, A. J. (2012). Crafting & carrying into action strategy The quest for competitive advantage (18th ed.). New York, NY The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Discussion 6.1 Jeffrey ClapperJeffrey,I agree with your federal agencying and I enjoyed reading it also. In reviewing the financials and the Internet site, it is unmixed that Blue Nile spends a lot of money in the area that has no direct impact on generating profit. Blue Nile is now pursuing a new market consisting of non-engagement jewelry by offering an expanded range of products across several price points. This market should offer a great amount of growth opportunities for now and the future. All in all the brand and name recognition is the key aspect that the must pay attention to.Discussion 6.1 Michael VeltmanMichael,Your post was very insightful. A main issue for Blue Nile is the lack of exposure through the their advertising. Blue Nile offers the best prices while still being able to create a profit. The low operations cost of the business enables them to offer low prices and still make a profit. On the other hand the lack of pedigree front exposure creates a problem for gaining additional clients. By adding new products they can create there reach and drive more revenue.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Character biography Tom: the glass menagerie

Tom can be described as a tortured soul, living with his mother and bachelors sister in a cramped flatcar in SST Louis. From a young age, Tom is forced into the role of being the man of the house as his father abandons the family. One can say that this is the generate of Toms deep resentment towards his life. He has to work long hours in a wargonhouse to pay the bills and take care of his nagging mother and sister.Toms true dreams are to become a writer and he writes poetry in his spare time, this is what eventually gets him fired from his Job. Tom has complex relationships with both his family members. Although he always fights with his mother, we adjoin that he does love her. Maybe so much that he cant stand her. Tom is softer towards his sister Laura, whom although is older, does not act like it. Tom finds himself trapped in an apartment and in a life he does not want.He finds an escape by going to the movies in which he lives vicariously through. In the movies he finds the adv enture, belt and excitement that his own life Is lacking In. We see Toms selfishness when he doesnt pay for the electricity bill but instead uses the money for his own escape. Tom is divide between his loyalty to himself, his life, hopes and dreams and his loyalty to his family, his own flesh and blood. In the end he Is loyal to himself, Just like his father.Tom almost uses the abandonment of his father as an excuse to do the same as if it is a genetic thing. Tom Is a complex and 3-delusional character In that he Isnt wholly good or wholly bad either, like all human beings. He truly does care for his family and especially his sister as he feels guilt and remorse for going away her. But he also realizes that he will never truly experience life If he stays and neither will they. Therefore though his departure maybe he does not only set himself free, but his family as well.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Define the Role of the Nurse – 500 Words

This assignment willing define the role of the moderate in recuperateth heraldic bearing and outline the different qualities required for this profession. Berridge and Liddle (2010) demonstrate that the description of nursing according to the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) is the use of clinical judgement in the provision of care to enable people to improve, maintain, or recover health, to care with health problems and to achieve the best possible quality of life,whatever their disease or disability, until death. A nurse is an individual who understands and respects their patients as individuals and does not judge them irrespective of differences in morals or beliefs. It is essential that the ill and vulnerable feel that a nurse is competent, will listen, support and guide them and keep sensitive, personal development confidential. Nurses have a duty to provide dignified care to patients whilst maintaining their professional behaviour at all times. Recently stories have dominat ed headlines when there is proof of poor care.BBC News (2012) Campaign to show skill and compassion of nurses aims to show the reality of nursing on a daily basis, assisted with a short film. The object of this film is to reassure the public of the professionalism, dedication and quality of care nurses provide to their patients, regardless of negative coverage occasionally portrayed by the media. A nurse needs to show empathy to patients by providing comfort, security and efficient delivery of treatment by dint ofout recovery which can be an emotional and sometimes a traumatic experience for both parties.It is also vital for nurses to adopt excellent communication skills, especially speaking and listening. As Davies (2012,p. 69) explains, communication skills are essential for understanding patients and displace them at ease. By using reflective skills, showing interest and asking appropriate questions, the relationship between the nurse and the patient should ultimately strengt hen through trust and reassurance. Nurses frequently face difficult decisions which require a motivational, supportive person to act as a leader to their colleagues. One of the most chief(prenominal) qualities of nursing is being an effective team player.This means working together within the multidisciplinary team, constructively sharing ideas and evaluating and delivering the highest quality of care for patients. Nursing is a uninterrupted lifelong learning profession which requires individuals to learn new clinical skills and to continue educating themselves throughout their career. Nurses should have an appropriate amount of knowledge regarding illnesses and medical conditions. This knowledge will enable the nurse to competently answer questions or concerns from patients and their families.Emory University A touching experience quotes from Maya Angelou on how nurses should be perceived As a nurse, we have the opportunity to heal the heart, mind, soul, and body of our patients, their families and ourselves. They may forget your name, but they will never forget how you made them feel. In past decades, conditions, policies and uniforms may have changed, however, the compassion, dedication and quality of care shown by many people as angels without wings continues to make a difference, however small it may be to peoples lives.References Anna,P. 2012 A touching experience. Atlanta, Georgia Emory University. procurable from http//www. emorynursingnow. com/a-touching-experience/ (Accessed 11 October 2012). Davies,N. ,2012 Attention, courtesy and patience how to talk to patients effectively. Nursing Standard, 27(4),p69. Berridge,P. And Liddle,C,2010. Fundamentals of Nursing made incredibly easy. Euradius, Netherlands Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Dreaper,J Campaign to show skills and compassion of nurses. BBC News, 17 kinsfolk 2012. Available from http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/health/19602792 (Accessed 10 October 2012).

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Jonathan Edwards

In Jonathan Edwards personal narrative, he uses language to convey a remorseful attitude towards his own spiritual condition. The imagery of hell as seen by Edwards creates a punishment in the lowest place in hell. He feels like he is the very worst of any mankind. In the simile, as fully grown as the devil himself, his followers make him feel as though his wickedness and vileness are enceinteer. This portrays his remorseful attitude.By utilizing the simile, like an unnumberable deluge or mountains over my head, Edwards depicts the severity of his wrongdoing as being of such magnitude that it is swallowing up all thought and imagination. The use of repetition in Infinite upon infinite Infinite upon infinite supports Edwards view of his wickedness as an abyss infinitely deeper than hell. This expresses his internal pain and anguish. Edwards proceeds to use the phrase, nauseous and detestable to me, to describe his common sense of self-loathing.He feels as if he does not mora lly deserve to be exalted and raised up to the infinite height of all the fullness and glory of the great Jehovah. Throughout the narrative, Edwards is vividly describing his belief that if it were not for the sovereign grace of his Lord, that the earth would simply not bear him or all humanity for a genius moment because as far as he is concerned, we are all corrupt individuals- creatures even, that spend our lives in the service of Gods enemies. It is through all the aforementioned that he illustrates his remorseful sentiment in his personal narrative.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Alice Walker: The Welcome Table Essay

Through literature we are able to learn closely different meanings and other human experiences. Literature influences each individual differently (Clugston, 2010). In Alice pushcarts short story The encounter Table, it allowed the readers to read and learn about how, and what life was like for an elderly black lady during the 1960s. During these times blacks were discriminated against and the condemnable treatment that they endured as human beings was unnatural and unheard of to us in this day and time. In this short story by Ms. Walker, it portrays to the readers how during this time period the African Americans were inured. The reason that this story caught my attention was due to the fact that the elderly lady that is portrayed in the story was so cruelly discriminated against for entering a gabardine church.As you read this story, one cannot help but be intrigued by how the story speaks about the elderly lady and how she has lived her life and had been treated her whole lif e. Alice Walker starts the story off with the woman getting ready to attend church and the clothes that she is dressed in, you knew she had no money. The grey-headed woman stood with eyes uplifted in her SundayGOTO meeting clothes high shoes polished about the tops and toes, a long rusty dress adorned with an old corsage, long corsage, long withered, and the remnants of an elegant silk scarf as headrag stained with grease from the any oily ponytails underneath. (Walker,1967) This poor lady had lived a hard life and it showed on her face and body, so you could tell she knew suffering. The story tells us that this old lady stumbles into an all white church from the freezing cold. The poor white people besides stared at her in pure disbelief as though she had committed a crime for entering their church.In the reading it stated And so they gazed nakedly upon their own fear transferred a fear of the black and the old, a terror of the unknown as well as of the deeply known. (Clugston, 2010) This shows from the sentence, the way the congregation looked at the elderly lady, they were afraid of African-Americans at this time period for no reason that they could even fully understand. They meaning the white community did not like blacks and they were treated unjustly at all times and any cost.The way that the black people were treated back in the 1960s and even before the 1960s, the African-American people were not treated or respected like the white people. To read a story like this, helps me to understand the struggle and pain that the woman endured, as it was told by the narrator or persona of the reading. Some of the people felt as if the beginning of the end of worshipping of the Holy Church and as an invasion of their privacy. Many felt also as if they had lost their privacy now that she had entered their place of Holy Worship.As, I bring this to a close we have to record that no intimacy whom or where we are in the world today, we should not pass judgment o n another person just because of how they dress, their ethnic background, or where they may live. The story portrayed an elderly black lady who was forgetful and showed her struggle through her eyes and body still walked down the road about a half mile to this church to worship the lord. Even though she was thrown from the church, she did not stop singing and talking to her God. To me, this shows us that no matter our struggle we should never stop believing in what we believe just because someone else does not want us to.ReferenceClugston, R.W. (2010). Journey in literature. Retrieved from https//content.ashford.edu Walker, Alice, (1967). The Welcome Table. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/ehost/delivery?isd=72e76da8-5292-49 Retrieved 1/16/2013 Walker, Alice, (1967). The Welcome Table. Literary Cavalcade Feb 200355-5 Proquest Central, Retrieved 1/16/2013

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Introduction To Curriculum Development Education Essay

To get down with, all the tr ainees, of the Boys Department, had a meeting with the curate, who told us a spot nigh the college and its staff members. He, so, pointed out any(prenominal) regulations that the teachers must hang in to, for illustration, the male teachers should train on a tie and the female 1s should avoid dres blab in denims or pants. Afterwards, he leads us towards the staff room and we introduce ourselves to the focusing staffs. We, the math trainees, were told to loosen up for the hitshoot cardinal hours and so, we stay in the staff room till the condition ends. The 2nd twenty-four hours, I followed Mr Gaudy s lower six category and some(prenominal) of Mr Navin s category. On the 3rd twenty-four hours, I was transferred to an early(a) particle.There, I followed Mr Inder s category and most(prenominal) of the clip I really did his category. He had categories with the Form III and Form IV renters. With the Form IV disciples, he was explicating a sub ject on absolute mistake and the Form III pupils were analyzing matrices. However, as Mr Inder had moreover a few categories, it meant that I was release most of the clip and so, I proposed to Mr Saidoo to let me to follow his categories. Mr Saidoo was a prevocational teacher. It should be noted that most of the pupils of this section were prevocational 1s.I participated in an inter-department Quiz competition where I was overstepn the function of the time-keeper. Before the Quiz competition, Mr Inder told me to do a speedy alteration with the two participants and the latter really won the competition by curtailment the Form IV boys from Department A. I to a fault attended two chitchats, one on crapper and the other was most the jobs confronting the young person.My Experience as a Replacee TeacherAfter my graduation from university in July 2008, I had the bechance to work as a replacee teacher at Hamilton College ( Boys ) till the terminal of the coach twelvemonth in Octob er 2008. There, I had the chance to work with the pupils of Form III up to Form VI. The topics that I taught were face and Mathematics. Overall, it was a really fruitful contract as I had the juncture to work with the HSc pupils, both(prenominal) male childs and misss. Further to a greater extent, I gipt that education is non a simple occupation as a batch of cooking is require so as to do the direction and learnedness experiences a success. One other experience I slanged was about how to carry on interrogation and all the troubles it entails sing be aftering the scrutinies every anaesthetise obedient as the invigilation agenda.My Experience as a Full-Time TeacherIn January 2009, I linked Dar-Ul-Maarif Secondary School where I taught Mathematics and supererogatory Mathematics with the Form 4 and Form 5 pupils, male childs and misss individually. The school population was about 110 pupils and on that point were non m well-nigh(prenominal) instructors working at that place. So, some(prenominal) instructor had a heavy timet qualified and had many a(prenominal) duties. For case, I was responsible to fix the strategy of work for Mathematicss and Additional Mathematics for the Form 4 and Form 5 despite organism a novitiate in the profession.Furthermore, during my say at Dar-Ul-Maarif, I did a six month family at Mauritius Institute of learning for the Educator s Licence which helped me a batch to take the pupils. In February 2010, I joined the capital of Qatar Academy Secondary School.Chapter Two The Bachelor in command ( B.Ed ) CourseBesides entry of a thesis and the portfolio at the terminal of the academic twelvemonth, the B.Ed class comprised of the undermentioned facultiesSociology of educationDoctrine of EducationEducation Psychology groundwork to broadcast DevelopmentAppraisal and EvaluationEducation Management and Supervision ascertainal TechnologyTendency in PedagogyEducational ResearchCapable Didactics ( Mathematics )Functional En glishIn the next parts of this chapter, issues raised in five of the faculties provide be discussed and debateed upon.2.1 Doctrine of EducationThis faculty alterd me to consent a deeper incursion about what schooling is. Dr Rassool, the lecturer, made us reflect upon our ain teaching of commandment and without a uncertainty, it helped us to better(p) understand ourselves as instructors. A learning doctrine statement is a systematic and critical principle that focuses on the of effect constituents specifying hard-hitting instruction and science in a peculiar subject and/or institutional context ( Schonwetter et al. , 2002, p.84 ) .2.1.1 My teaching Philosophy Teaching should be such that what is moodyered is perceived as a valuable gift instead than a vexed responsibility Albert EinsteinBing a math instructor every slit respectable as a lover of the topic, there argon some characteristics of maths that subscribes it a really particular subject. To call a few Mathematicss is an first-class rational game where all the participants win.Mathematicss is in any event a theoretical notice that stop be utilise for developing independent and critical thought.Mathematicss dope be seen as a linguistic communication that allows us to pass on thoughts exactly betwixt ourselves.Last, math is a tool used in natural scientific disciplines and, therefore, a needed subject for many pupils.The above statements entirely remind me to portion my mathematical cognition, among others, to my pupils. However, my ends for learning mathematics atomic number 18 many. First, communicate to my pupils that mathematics is a merriment and better their assurance approximately mathematics every morsel good as cut downing their anxiety about mathematics. Other ends atomic number 18Develop a mathematical sense about throwaways, geometry, and symbols every mo good as a assortment of problem-solving schemes and basic computational gainmentsEnable pupils to do jud gements based on quantitative information, to turn out basic consequences, to read mathematics efficaciously and to understand their ain theme proceduresEnsure that pupils sincerely yours understand constructsEstablish constructive pupil attitudes about mathematicsFacilitate eruditeness of life-long scholarship accomplishmentsFoster a inclination to inquire mathematics inquiries, critical thought, pupil find of mathematics and surrogate apprehension of the cogent evidence of cardinal theoremsTeach the beauty of mathematicsAid pupils learn the cardinal theorems and their applicationsImprove pupils apprehension of engineeringIncrease the figure of mathematics big leagues every bit good as the pupils mathematical cognitionModel expert problem-solvingMotivate pupils to do an attempt to instruct mathematicsOpen the doors to other chances for pupilsPrepargon future mathematicians, pupils for proficient callings and pupils to be knowing grownupsThatch applications to other Fieldss particularly for abstract topics give c ar vectors whereby pupils often ask the inquiry where will vectors used us in our life? Teach reckoner and computing machine accomplishments, cardinal constructs, generalizing, logical logical thinking, mathematical authorship, foretelling, problem-solving and proof-reading of mathematicsThatch pupils how to interpret back and Forth between words and mathematicsThatch pupils to work collaborativelyMy mathematics classroom features multiple methods of direction that depends chiefly on the subject to be taught and my experience with how single pupil best learn mathematics. On some occasions, the student-centred attack is undertaken firearm on other occasions, small-group probes, among others, are carried out. These respective(a) schoolroom patterns help turn to the varied science manners found in the mathematics schoolroom.Furthermore, I prepare my categories meticulously, but I like to improvize whenever possible. I dislike being interru pted during my account but I love it when the pupils ask inquiries afterwards and I congratulate them for any good inquiries and remarks. visionary Muhammad ( Peace and Blessing of God Almighty be upon him ) one time express Facilitate things to tidy sum and do non do it difficult for them ( Sahih Al-Bukhari ) . Since I learnt about this expression, I try effortlessly to use it in my everyday life and particularly in my instruction.2.1.2 CriticismThe positive facet of this faculty is that it makes one reflect a batch on issues connect to instruction. However, compared to other faculties, this one is more bulky and we shit too small clip to cover everything. Furthermore, this faculty was presented by Dr Rassool who had three faculties with us and many a clip, we could non number out what faculty that we are really devising. In my design, this faculty endure non be assessed through scrutiny as it is excessively abstract a topic.2.1.3 Self-ReflectionThe first of spell fa cet of the class was to assist us understand better what instruction is. Previously, I thought that instruction was merely transportation of cognition from the instructor to the pupils. But, at the terminal, of the class, I realised that instruction is much more than a transportation of cognition. Among the assorted definitions of instruction that I came across throughout the class, there is one put frontward by Dr Sohawon that I truly appreciated and upon which there is a batch to reflect. Harmonizing to Dr Sohawon, instruction is the deliberate and systematic influence exerted by the right individual upon the immature, through direction, subject, and harmonious development of physical, rational, aesthetic, societal and religious powers of the human being, harmonizing to single and societal demands and tell towards the brotherhood of the educated with his Godhead as the concluding terminal. 2.2 Instructional TechnologyUpon farther reading sing articles link up to this faculty, I came across a term that caught my attending. The term was coined by Professor Prensky ( 2001, p.1 ) who stated that, today, school pupils are digital indigens and they are all native talkers of the digital linguistic communication of computing machines, video recording games and the Internet . The opposite talks provided with farther penetrations about the usage of information and communications engineering ( ICT ) in the field of instruction.2.2.1 Application of ICT in EducationErtmer et Al. ( 1999 ) identified three degrees of instructors computing machine usage, changing in their relationship to the bing prey of get. These involve utilizing ICT asa addendum to the blood line of study,a support or enrichment of the soma of study, ora facilitator for an emerging course of study.The emerging ICT tools that may be reusable in the instruction and acquisition of Mathematicss nominate be subdivided into two chief classsMathematicss packageFor the lower second-string pup ils, the clearware graph can be used for the subject Coordinates Geometry to tug simple additive graphs in the signifier. Thereof, pupils shall be able to place the different points on the line. This really light but utile package can in addition be used with the Form IV pupils to pull quadratic curves every bit good as other maps like cubic, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential.For 3-D representations of objects, the freeware Microsoft Mathematics 4.0 can be used. It has many characteristics from different of meaning Mathematicss subjects runing from statistics to trigonometry to calculus among others. This freeware may besides be used to explicate absolutely the subject on pulling simple additive inequalities and hence to happen the needed part fulfilling two or more inequalities.The Yenka freeware is some other great mathematical package that incorporates different facets of mathematics and particularly the subjects in Statistics. Explaining the construct of chance becomes much more easy with it as lifes are besides provided. For case, when explicating about the different results possible when fliping two coins, Yenka provides a 3-D life whereby two coins are tossed. At the equivalent clip, a tree plot is constructed.Social MediaThe different societal media that I find dependable to integrate in instruction and acquisition areWeb logA web log can be created by the instructor whereby notes on specific subjects may be posted every bit good as related pictures can be embedded. Blogs besides offers the ability to post exposures. Useful links can besides be shared. Another benefit is that it offered the participants, that is, the pupils the possibility to post remarks and so, pupils can give their feedbacks and portion their vexs.WikisLike web logs, wikis can be created to post of minuteing information about Mathematical subjects. But unlike web logs, participants can besides redact the station by adding other utile information. However, the d anger is that can cancel any information or station information non related to the subject.Social Networking Sites ( SNS ) such asFacebookThe different characteristics offered by Facebook make it a really utile tool in the instruction and acquisition of Mathematics. well-nigh of these utile characteristics areFor instructorsBookTag This app offers a great manner to portion and loan books out to pupils, plus make helpful quizzes for analyzing.Webinaria Screencast registrar Record a picture for pupils, and portion it with this application.Mathematical Formulas Distribute expressions, solutions, and more with this application.Slide make out Create presentations to direct to pupils with this slideshow application.For pupilsBooks iRead Share the books you re reading, and see what others think of books with this application.Notely Form your school life with Notely, an app that helps you wrangle your calendar, notes, assignments, and more.Survey Groups Get everyone unneurotic on your gr oup underpickings by join perpetratesing with this application.HeyMath These mini-movies explain disenfranchised math constructs, so these are great to portion with pupils or utilize on your ain. ( Monaghan, 2008 )A fan page can besides be created to advance Mathematics. Each Like will increase its popularity.ChirrupRefering its educational usage, it may enable the instructor to tweet utile links and reminders to his pupils, for case, about an appraisal to be done in the feeler hebdomad or to make a research on a peculiar subject. Furthermore, it has the characteristic of sentiment canvass. This may benefits the professional growing of the instructor.VodcastThe usage of Vodcast might benefits pupil that were absent for a peculiar lesson or have non to the full grasped the different constructs in a lesson. It may besides be an advantage when making alteration. The instructor can utilize the picture to measure his ain instructions.2.2.2 CriticismThis faculty was every bit inter esting as all other faculties but I believe that this faculty needs to be accompanied with practical exercisings and lesser literature. These practical exercisings could be assessed and evaluated.2.2.3 Self-ReflectionThe Instructional Technology faculty provided us with introducing thoughts to develop the instruction and larning experiences every bit good as to actuate pupils and instructors. While researching on the subject, I came to gain how powerful a tool engineering can be and besides how the worldwide web can be a manner of making out to different sorts of pupils. For case, Facebook has got many applications that would do Mathematicss much more easy and gratifying. I unfeignedly believe that engineering can be an integrating portion of the instruction and learning experience but before its integrating, there needs to be a alteration in the course of study, particularly for the usage of engineering in test. What is the point of utilizing a batch of engineering in learning an d larning but in tests, merely really few pieces of engineering are allowed? At the same clip, I fear the abuse of engineering and its impact on society.2.3 Introduction to CurriculumThis faculty helped many of us pupils to understand the construct of course of study and at the same clip, to clearly distinguish the course of study from the course of study. Tyler ( 1949 ) defines the course of study as all the acquisition of the topics which is planned by and tell by the school to achieve its educational ends . The different types of course of study were besides discussed.2.3.1 Types of CurriculumCurriculum is subdivided chiefly asOfficial course of studyHarmonizing to Posner ( 1992, p.10 ) , the official course of study, besides known as the written course of study gives the basic lesson chopine to be followed, including aims, sequence, and stuffs. This provides the footing for answerability. It can be said that the official course of study consists of the course of study and c ontent of different topics, the legal model, the scrutinies, the school and its substructure, the brass amongst others.Taught course of studyThe taught course of study, besides known as the operational course of study is what is taught by the instructor, and how it is communicated. This includes what the instructor Teachs in category and the acquisition results for the pupil ( Posner, 1992, p.10-12 ) .Therefore, the taught portion of course of study involves all the instruction and acquisition experiences that take topographic point in the schoolroom when pedagogues interact with pupils and vice-versa. Personally, I normally conform to different learning schemes with my pupil. The learner-centred instruction attack and the squad instruction attack are favoured for the upper categories while the spell outant manner is favoured with the lower categories as it is a democratic attack in which the rights of both the instructor and the kid are have it awayd and respected compared to the autocratic manner ( Shaffer & A Kipp, 2007 ) . Formative appraisals are perform during the lessons so as to obtain feedbacks to both the scholar and myself and thereof, learning schemes are altered consequently.Hidden course of studyHarmonizing to Horn ( 2003, p.298 ) , concealed course of study is defined as the unrecognised and sometimes unintended cognition, determine, beliefs that are portion of the acquisition procedure in schools and schoolrooms .It can be deduced that the concealed course of study refers to those things which pupils learn indirectly at school. For illustration during a lesson, different teaching-learning schemes are used for active engagement. This indirectly inculcated value and accomplishments in them such asKeeping subjectObedienceTo be democratic, that is, freedom of sentiment to give replies without any fright of being incorrectTolerance and forbearance towards others sentiments to go good hearersTo be critical, they are asked to notice on their friends replies in instance they do nt holdSocial interactions through group treatments and unanimous category treatmentsCommunication accomplishments are developedNull course of studyHarmonizing to Posner ( 1992, p.10-12 ) , the nothing course of study consists of what is non taught . Eisner s ( 1995 ) place on the void course of study is that when certain topics or subjects are left out of the overt course of study, school forces are directing messages to pupils that certain content and procedures are non of import plenty to analyze.When the Mathematics course of studies of Cambridge for the O-level and A-level every bit good as that of the National Assessment at Form III, prepared by the Mauritius Institute of Education, are exhaustively analysed, it is observed that two really of import constituents of Mathematicss have non been included, viz.History of Mathematicss.The mathematician Glaisher one time said that no topic loses more than mathematics by any effort to disass ociate it from its history. Hayes ( 1991 ) stated I believe that it is a solemn error and mistake of scheme to try to learn mathematics without mention to its cultural, societal, philosophical and historical earth . Application of Mathematicss in existent life state of affairss for complex subjects.From sometime(prenominal) experience, when learning complicated subjects, like Vector of Plane , pupils frequently asked the inquiry Why should we analyze this subject? as for them, they do non understand the importance of such a subject as the jobs they are faced with are sometimes excessively abstract. But, when they are made cognizant of its importance in existent life, they are more eager to make the subject.2.3.2 CriticismUnderstanding the construct of course of study and all that it entails was a really of import measure in the calling of an pedagogue. However, cognizing all this and accordingly, placing the assorted defects of a course of study can be seen as a loss of cli p as we, as pedagogues, can non make anything to alter a course of study, particularly for S.C and H.S.C, that is prepared by an elect group in England.2.3.3 Self-ReflectionBesides holding had a deeper penetration of instruction, the construct of course of study became much clearer. I realised that when following a peculiar course of study, it is non merely finishing the different subjects involved in the course of study. In fact, the course of study is merely one portion of the course of study and there is more to a course of study. We have the purposes and aims that besides need to be achieved. In fact, these course of studies that we usually follow are the official course of study. However, there is one other type of course of study that is every bit or more of import than the official course of study. It is the concealed course of study. It is through the concealed course of study that moral values and moralss are passed on. Therefore, this helped me to be even more cautious i n category as acting gravely or weirdly would ensue in the pupils acting as such. Sometimes, when I observe a pupil acting severely, I say to myself that possibly the pupil is acting like this because of his instructor who was rude. Besides, upon farther contemplation, on a larger graduated table, I came to gain that possibly the manner ordinary people gestate may be the consequence of how those who are regulating them behave.2.4 Education, Management and SupervisionAmong the many of import constructs learnt in this faculty, there is one that I think is indispensable for every instructor to possess managerial accomplishments in the schoolroom.2.4.1 Managerial expertnesss Required by Teachers in the ClassroomMintzberg ( 1973 ) identified the undermentioned managerial accomplishmentsLeadership SkillThis accomplishment is concerned with the ability of the instructor to actuate and assist his pupils and at the same clip, to cover with their jobs efficaciously. For those pupils who a re per se motivated, the instructor merely acts as an instigator and a facilitator. However, for those pupils who are non motivated, the instructor s confidential information function is critical of import to actuate them.As a Mathematics instructor, the undermentioned schemes can be adopted to actuate the pupilsThe instructor himself/herself must be seen as being motivatedFind suited ways to do pupils love the topicState the purposes and aims of the capable affairLet the pupils know that the instructor is ever available whenever person is holding troubles in his surveies.Set-up the schoolroom regulations and ordinances in coaction with the pupils.Use different instruction manners in order to fit the diverse larning manners of the pupils. lucifer SkillPeer accomplishment would mention to the ability of the instructor to move, at one clip, as a director of the schoolroom and at another clip, as a friend to his pupils. This friendly relationship should be to some parachute and the pupils should be made cognizant of it. Otherwise, being excessively friendly would do pandemonium and undiscipline in the category and later, the larning environment of the category would be to a great extent and severely affected.Conflict endurance SkillLife in a schoolroom is non ever sweet. On and off, things get rancid between the pupils or even between the pupil and the instructor for diverse grounds. Classroom struggles, may it be a minor or a major one, must be dealt with every bit shortly as they arise so as to forestall the state of affairs from acquiring out of control. Otherwise, they would botch the instruction and larning environment of the schoolroom.Information Processing SkillThis accomplishment is about the instructor s ability to pull out, collect and portion information relevant to the capable affair or subject. In the traditional position of instruction and acquisition, the instructor was the exclusive stemma of cognition and hence, the category was dominantly teacher-oriented. However, despite the fact that this attack to learning and acquisition is regarded as being disused, some topics, like mathematics, are most of the clip teacher-centred. But, a good mathematics instructor would happen ways to do his category an gratifying and fruitful experience.A good mathematics instructor should be able to utilize a assortment of learning manners in order to do the topic appear interesting and easy, and at the same clip, cater for the different acquisition manners of his/her pupils.Resource Allocation SkillThis skill trades with the instructor s ability to pull off his clip decently and to make out to each pupil s encountered troubles. The best manner to accomplish these is through proper lesson planning. From past experience, the followers should be taken into consideration when fixing a lesson programCarry out one lesson at a clipThe purpose and aims of the lesson should be good coif and the pupils should be made cognizant of itSince about al l subjects in mathematics is based on some pre-requisites, ever recall those old cognition in order to acquire the pupils in the temper base on the trouble of the subject, take a considerable sum of clip to to the full explicate the subject, taking into consideration the jobs pupils are holding and blow no clip to unclutter these misconceptionsAllow pupils to hold able sum of clip to pattern some jobs in category and at the same clip, utilize this free clip to cover separately with those holding farther jobsSummarize the whole lessonGive a valid sum of prepReserve the following session for rectifying prep and for farther pattern ( remedial plants if needed )A well-prepared lesson program non merely affect the resource allotment accomplishment but besides the entrepreneurial accomplishment of the teacher-manager as the latter trades with the ability of the instructor to look for jobs and chances that may originate during a lesson and thereof, experience the needed alteration swi mmingly.2.4.1.6 Introspection SkillThis maybe the most of import accomplishment needed by a teacher-manager. It deals with the instructor s ability to reflect upon his ain work and the impact it has on his pupils. In other words, after each lesson, the instructor needs to self-evaluate himself. Successful rating would be that learning and acquisition has occurred and each pupil has understood the lesson and all plants have been completed. Else, the instructor needs to alter his learning schemes and/or behavior in category.2.4.2 CriticismDr Sohawon made this talk lively through his assorted real-life instances and so, it was an gratifying and enriching experience. However, some facets of the faculty, I believe, are out of range of a instructor, for case, the construct of quality control. I think that these constructs should be taught to a group of experient educational officers that entirely has for occupation to supervise the public presentation of instructors and pupils.2.4.3 Self- ReflectionAt the beginning of the faculty, I thought that the subjects were beyond me as I am comparatively new to learning and the lector was speaking about being a director, a supervisor or an inspector and how to pull off or oversee. But, as the faculty was dealt farther, these managerial manners and accomplishments are as of import for a instructor as they are for a director. This is because, in the category, I concluded that the instructor has multiple functions. Furthermore, since I have been appointed as Section Leader for Form 4 and Form 5 ( Boys ) , I am gaining the importance of the different theories learnt in the faculty sing managing and supervision.2.5 Tendencies in PedagogyThis faculty, harmonizing to me, is one of the most of import faculties of the whole class as it covered really of import subjects which are straight related to the instructor and his instructions. Among the many fruitful subjects, I would wish to portion my positions on instructor motive as it is a subject that is non frequently talked about.2.5.1 Teacher MotivationA definition of instructor motive, harmonizing to me, would be a force that drives a instructor to make his best so as the best acquisition environment is formed for pupils. Associated to teacher motive are a low degree rate of absenteeism and a good disciplinary record of the instructor. Harmonizing to Michaelowa ( 2002, p.5 ) , teacher motive can be defined as willingness, thrust or desire to prosecute in good instruction . Hence, mathematically talking, teacher motive is tantamount to efficient instruction and accordingly, efficient acquisition.Some people believe they are born to be instructors. Others believe they have the necessary qualities for being a instructor. Normally, these people are per se motivated instructors. No external factors, positive or negative, would impact their finding to give their best as they care for the pupils and they want to see their pupils achieve in their surveies and in life . For making so, they are willing to make a batch of forfeit and utilize a battalion of schemes for the addition of the pupils.The bulk of instructors need to be motivated extrinsically, that is, their degree of motive is based on some external factors which may be straight related to the school environment or related to personal issues in their private life. A first issue that can assist in spark off a instructor, in my sentiment, is a just and just timetable. Bing a mathematics instructor, it would be really hard and demotivating to work excessively many periods per hebdomad, particularly if there are a batch of lower secondary categories. This is because to learn mathematics, one needs a batch of readying, concentration and energy so as to advertise a fruitful and dynamic acquisition environment whereby pupils are active and interested in the topic. Otherwise, from past experience, pupils are easy bored in mathematics categories that have a humdrum acquisition environment. Furt hermore, instructors are motivated when they have pupils who make attempt and work good every bit good as participate in category. Harmonizing to Csikszentmihalyi ( 1990 ) , a individual who is involved in an activity and is working at the extreme point of his abilities reaches a province of felicity and satisfaction. Schonfeld ( 1989 ) claimed that being satisfied with one s occupation is an index of esprit de corps and motive.Another component for teacher motive is being praised and rewarded by the direction or inspectors/supervisors. Bamisaye ( 1998 ) found that foul administrative and supervisory patterns tend to sabotage teacher morale. Furthermore, harmonizing to Nwankwo ( 1984 ) , instructors feel extremely motivated when they are consulted about determinations sing their work. One farther component of import for actuating instructors would be a better wage. It is frequently argued that instructors are non being salaried for what they are truly deserving. The student-teache r ratio in a category should besides, harmonizing to me, be sensible. Just imagine learning mathematics with 40 pupils in a category. Will the instructor have sufficient clip to look at each of his pupils separately?To farther motivate instructors extrinsically, all educational installations should be offered to the instructor to to the full show himself suitably in category. For case, in mathematics, while explicating the subject interlingual rendition , a set of geometrical instruments is needed to heighten instruction and acquisition. Apart from offering the necessary installations for instruction, it would be every bit actuating for instructors to hold installations to rest or loosen up during their free clip.Some instructors, with a position to reenforce their instruction, like to introduce utilizing different schemes which may affect different siting symmetricalness or the usage of modern technological tools. However, if the direction is loath to alterations, the instructor might be demotivated. Hence, holding the support of the direction is critical importance in the devising of well-motivated instruction and acquisition environment.Last, instructors may hold some personal crisis related to their household and relations. Problems such as statements with their childs and partner or divorce or even fiscal jobs, among others, may impact the end product of the instructor. By supplying appropriate psychological services, the direction could assist in work outing the jobs of instructors. In a survey by Gokce ( 2010 ) about instructor demands, there were 29 inquiries about the extent to which their demands were satisfied and 29 inquiries about the importance of those demands. He so compared most of his consequences to Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs ( 1954 ) , reasoning that instructor s psychological demands were non being met, though their most basic demands are. He besides concluded that if instructors know that their most basic demands will be met, it will increase motive.2.5.2 CriticismI believe that this faculty, along with Functional English, was possibly the most apprehended faculty by all the pupils. Mr Bakarally generated a lively schoolroom environment through his treatments. However, sometimes, we had the same job as with Dr Rassool. We were confused about which faculty we are discoursing due to the fact that we did two faculties with Mr Bakarally, Trends in Pedagogy and Functional English.2.5.3 Self-ReflectionTrends in Pedagogy allowed me to larn about the different attacks to learning. Upon farther reading, I came to recognize that for better bringing of a peculiar lesson in Mathematics, sometimes, a blend of these attacks is most appropriate depending on the contents of the lesson. For case, the behaviorist attack can be applied to take down secondary pupils holding troubles with simple arithmetic operations by giving them a considerate sum of jobs to undertake. Motivation is another facet of this faculty that I think is i ndispensable for the proper operation of a schoolroom activity. Without both teacher motive and pupil motive, I think that effectual instruction and acquisition will non happen.Chapter leash General DecisionI can state that after merely a twelvemonth following the B.Ed class, I have grown up professionally as a mature pedagogue. Through the faculties Introduction to Curriculum and Assessment and Evaluation among others, I have learnt the necessity of fixing a professional day-to-day lesson program. Five lesson programs have been annexed to the portfolio. Even though the journey was a hard one, I believe it was worthy to ship on it in order to be a better instructor. I think that this class helped us to gain that money is a secondary issue for a instructor. The most of import issue for a instructor is to utilize the different agencies at his disposal to bring forth efficient and effectual instruction and acquisition. Success for a instructor I believe is to see his pupils going some of import people in the society.

Monday, May 20, 2019

History Story Teaches Us That History Teaches Nothing: Discuss Essay

1.0 INTRODUCTIONAll human beings cultures tell stories about the chivalric, deeds of ancestors, heroes, gods, or animals. Songs inspirational to particular flocks were chanted and memorized long to begin with in that location was both writing with which to record them. Their truth was certify by the very fact of their continued repetition. archives which rear be considered as an account that purports to be true of events and ways of thinking and feeling in nearly part of the human past stems from this prototypical human narrative activity. While sharing a common ancestry with myth, legend, epic poetry, and the novel, narration has of manikin diverged from these forms. Its claim to truth is based in part on the fact that all the persons or events it describes rattling existed or occurred at somewhat period in the past. Historians can recount nil about these persons or events that cannot be supported, or at least suggested, by some kind of documentary usher. Such ev idence customarily takes the form of something written, such as a letter, a law, an administrative record, or the account of some previous historian. In addition, historians some quantify create their possess evidence by interviewing good deal.In the 20th century, the mise en scene of historical evidence was greatly expanded to include, inter alia, aerial photographs, clothes, motion pictures, and houses etc. Further more than, all certain countries perk up their National Archives. This is in recognition of the simple fact that knowledge of the past is essential to fraternity. What happens in the present, and what will happen in the future, is very much governed by what happened in the past. Without a thorough knowledge of past events and circumstances, we could not even attempt to grapple with these problems. Without knowledge of the past we would be without identity, we would be unconnected on an endless sea of time.However, it is obvious that knowledge of the past has not brought easy solutions to problems in, say, Nigeria, Mali, Zimbabwe, Palestine or even other parts of the world. Notwithstanding the fact that chronicle is preponderant in any golf club and in fact a necessary ingredient for its growth, but many practical facts staring us at the face have shown that pile suss out fromhistory that they do not witness from history. Thus, I would alike(p) to support and defend the assertion that history teaches us that history teaches nothing. moreover before delving into this argumentative cum intellectual excursus, I would like to clarify the term narration and Why people study history2.0 WHAT IS HISTORY?Etymologically, the term history is from the Greek word historia, meaning inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation. It was still in this Greek gumption that Francis Bacon used the term in the late sixteenth century, when he wrote about Natural account. For him, history is the knowledge of objects determined by space and time. History is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the discovery, collection, organization, and initiation of information about these events. Scholars who write about history are called historians whereas the events occurring prior to written record were considered prehistory. By prehistory, historians mean the recovery of knowledge of the past in an area where no written records exist, or where the writing of a culture is not understood. By studying painting, move inings, carvings, and other artefacts, some information can be recovered even in the absence of a written record. Since the 20th century, the study of prehistory is considered essential to avoid historys implicit exclusion of certain civilizations, such as those of sub-Saharan Africa and pre-Columbian America. In 1961, British historian E. H. Carr wrote the line of demarcation between prehistoric and historical times is crossed when people c res t to give way only in the present, and become consciously enkindle twain in their past and in their future.History begins with the handing down of tradition and tradition federal agency the carrying of the habits and lessons of the past into the future. Records of the past begin to be kept for the benefit of future generations1 Herodotus of Halicarnassus (484 BC 425 BC) has generally been acclaimed as the stupefy of history. However, his contemporary Thucydides (460 BC 400 BC) is credited with having first approached history with a well-developed historical manner in his work the History of the Peloponnesian War. In his historical method, Thucydides emphasized chronology, a objective point of view, and that the human world wasthe result of the actions of human beings. Greek historians overly viewed history as cyclical, with events regularly recurring. Suffice to say that the word history entered the English language in 1390 with the meaning of relation of incidents or sto ry. prof Richard J. Evans defines history as an academic softtimes which uses a narrative to examine and crumple a sequence of past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them.According to Professor Arthur Marwick in his article titled The Fundamentals of History, history is the bodies of knowledge about the past produced by historians, together with everything that is involved in the production, communication of, and teaching about that knowledge.3 In E. H. Carrs What Is History? Carr draws on sources from Nietzsche to Herodotus to argue for a more subtle definition of history as an unending colloquy between the present and the past.4 No wonder, Whitney says that history is facilitated by the formation of a true parley of past5 through the production of narrative and psychoanalysis of past events relating to the human race. History is the analysis and interpretation of the human past that enables us to study continuity and change over time. It is an act of some(prenominal) investigation and imagination that seeks to explain how people have changed over time. Historians use all forms of evidence to examine, interpret, revisit, and reinterpret the past. These include not just written documents, but as well as oral communication and objects such as buildings, artefacts, photographs, and paintings.Historians are trained in the methods of discovering and evaluating these sources, and the challenging task of making historical sense out of them, that is to say they are aesthetically disinterested in their approach to events. According to Encarta electronic dictionary, history is a chronological account of past events, it is the branch of knowledge that records and analyses past events6. More so, Encyclopaedia Britannica defines history as the discipline that studies the chronological record of events (as affecting a nation or people), based on a small examination of source materials and usually presenting an explana tion of their causes7. Understanding why historic events took place is important. To do this, historians often turn to geography. Weather patterns, the water supply, and the provincescape of a place all affect the lives of the people wholive there. For example, to explain why the ancient Egyptians developed a successful civilization, studying the geography of Egypt is essential. At this juncture, it is paramount to say that the writing of history, especially the writing of history based on the hypercritical examination of sources, the excerpt of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination is known as Historiography.3.0 WHY THEN DO PEOPLE STUDY HISTORY?From my own personal observation, it does occur to me that people explore the field of history for myriads of reasons which are History is a means to substantiate the past and present. The different interpretations of the past allow us to see the present differently and accordingly imagine and work towards the future. Through the study of history we can investigate and interpret why society developed as it has and determine what influences have affected the past and present and shape the future. It helps angiotensin converting enzyme to bring in the immense complexity of our world and provides insights to help cope with the problems and possibilities of the present and future. History also provides a sense of identity to understand the collective past that has make us what we are today. The way in which people identify and interact with one another is by and large a consequence of history, which shapes and conditions individuals and societies whether they fully understand it or not, relationship between different ethnic groups in Nigeria can testify clearly to this.History is also a bridge to other disciplines. In order to understand the other humanities and sciences one needs a historica l overview. Writers, artists, scientists, politicians, philosophers etc. are all conditioned by the historical surroundings in which they lived. Historical knowledge is a prerequisite for understanding the world in which we live. History is magister vitae, instructor of life. History prepares us to live more humanely in the present and to meet the challenges of the future because it provides us with understanding of the human condition. Despite these reasons why people study history, it becomes disheartening to see that these reasons do not readily translate into practice considering what is on ground in theworld. Hence, one can say without any fear of equivocation or ambiguity that history teaches us that history teaches nothing. To explicate this stand further, I would like to delineate in a jiffy the essential factors to be considered in history, from there I would show flake why history teaches us that history teaches nothing.3.1 ESSENTIAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHY canvas s HISTORYThese are Persons, ( personal element ), Time element, Event, Place, Circumstance, Peoples reaction or Effects, stance Reactions and the Lessons. It is from the standpoint of lessons meant to be distinguisht from history that I would defend the assertion that history teaches us that history teaches nothing.4.0 HISTORY TEACHES US THAT HISTORY TEACHES NOTHING USING NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY. Having explained the concept of history and why we study history, the problems that stare us at face are how has the knowledge of the past positively influenced the present day society? To what extent is the history affecting the lives of people? Why is it that people, nations, continents etc. absorb the same mistake of the past? Does it mean that history has no positive influence on human festering or that people have blatantly refused to perk up from history? No wonder the esteemed German Philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel in his lectures on the philosophy of history verbal ise What experience and history teaches us is that people and chairial terms have never learned anything from history, or acted on principles deduced from it We learn from history that we do not learn from history Hence History teaches that history teaches us nothing. If we go on to cast a look at the fate of the world historical personalities we shall get hold it to have been no happy one.They attained no quiet enjoyment their whole nature was labour and trouble their whole nature was nothing but their headmasters passion. When their object is attained they fall off like empty hulls from the kernel To expatiate on this assertion that history teaches us that history teaches nothing, I would like to use Nigeria as a case study because I am more familiar with Nigerian history. Before delving into this intellectual discuss, I would like to posit certain questions What is the percentage of Nigerians that are productively engaged? How many of them canpay their bills? rearing is one factor that can lift the fortunes of a nation overnight as it is today, what is the percentage of the existence that attain school till tertiary institution? What percentage of the population can afford the fees for their commandment?What has the government done to entrenched unity rather than ethnicity? Why has the government being unable to share these nagging issues? The most suitable answer to these interrogatives is that the government has failed to learn from history. In fact, the history of Nigeria has taught nothing to the government of this country considering what is on ground. The blame is mostly shifted to the government because as Achebe wrote in his book, The Trouble with Nigeria, the problem of Nigeria is that of leading. let me succinctly delineate and expatiate on this assertion that history teaches us that history teaches nothing with some major events that have taken place in Nigeria.To be more precise, I hold the depression that we have been stagnant in a l ot of ways, we have degenerated in so many more ways while very little, if any progress, has been made in our march to meaningful nationhood. A anchor reason for our lacklustre performance at nation-building as Soyinka prescribes in the Dance of the Forest is the failure to draw lessons from the past at every turn in our history. That is an enterprise in which Nigeria still fails deplorably.Hear what I read in one of the National Dailies that Chief Obafemi Awolowo, one of the active participants in the move towards independence, said in a speech he delivered on the floor of the House of Representatives in Lagos on jar against 31, 1953 It has been customary for our friends from the North to threaten the rest of Nigeria with secession if this is done or if that is not done We find the northern majority is not only being used (by the colonialists, I presume) in having their way, but it is also being used in preventing the minority from having their say Such was the suspicion and dis trust that existed amongst major ethnic guinea pigities in the country at the attainment of independence. This suspicion eventually led to many takeovers like that of fifteenth January 1966 Nigeria major(ip) Kaduna Nzeogwu which led to the death of many including Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the then prime minister, 29th July 1966, a bloody coup led by Col. Yakubu Gowon, whichclaimed the life of Major global JTU Aguyi Ironsi and many others, 29th July 1975, by General Murtala Mohammed against General Yakubu Gowon and was successful, 13th February 1976, by Col. Dinka which resulted to the death of the then Head of State, General Murtala Mohammed, 31st December 1983, by Major General Ibrahim B. Buhari against Alhaji Shehu Shagari took place and was successful, 27th August 1985, by Major General Ibrahim B. Babangida against General Buhari. This suspicion also led to the civil war in which millions of lives were lost. Now, has Nigeria learnt anything from these? I think, NO.This is because, fifty three old age old, national integration is still abysmal in Nigeria. There are verbal missiles across the country by individuals who desire to promote the interest of their ethnic groups, all of them fanning the embers of strife and war. Ethnic militias exist in more or less different parts of the country threatening the lives and existence of those who do not share their ethnic or religious pedigree. Many Nigerians especially Southerners have lost their lives due to Boko Haram insurgency. This was a kind of situation which made Ojukwu to declare the Republic of Biafra due the massacre of the Igbos in the North. This declaration later led to civil war. We have even seen the deportation of hapless Nigerians from one state to the other and the attendant emotional outbursts that followed it. In fact, Nigeria has failed woefully to learn from history because the lessons of history are never applied to better the life of her citizenry. At the moment, cardinal governors elected on the platform of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) are on do or die mission to get a politician of northern extraction into the office of president come 2015.To them, it does not matter that the north had held that position for 37 out of Nigerias 53 years of independence, and that the region in particular and the nation in general, has nothing to show for it, all they are interested in is that the next President is from the North. To drive home the urgency of their desire, some of their supporters have actually menace that Nigeria would be history if this pet project failed. Are these politicians unable to learn from history that born to obtain mentality is a cankerworm that has threatened the fabrics of nationhood? Legendary writer, Chinua Achebe in his celebrated book, The Trouble with Nigeria once said But whereas tribalism might winenough votes to install a reactionary jingoist in a tribal ghetto, the cult of mediocrity will bring the wheels of modernisation grindi ng to a halt throughout the land That is the state of affairs in Nigeria currently. It is as bad as for past and present leaders in the country to brazenly tell the world that Nigerias major challenge is the lack of honest and devote leadership even as none of them has the nobility to plead guilty of the charge. This plague of bad leadership accounts for the frustrating level of ineptitude that we have in all areas of our national life. It seems to me that a cloud of cluelessness has descended on Nigeria over the years.Corruption in particular is one vice in which Nigeria has grown in leaps and edge over the years. If there were pockets of corrupt practices in the country at the attainment of independence, Nigeria has within the last 53 years grown corruption to the extent that it has literarily acquired a life of its own. This has almost brought the nation to its knees with the resultant go against of the middle class and the gap between the rich and the brusque widening by the day. This means that Nigerian leaders in all sectors of life have failed to learn from history that corruptive practices retard the development of a nation and the excessive gap between the rich and poor can make the poor people to start a revolt against the rich.More still, agriculture which was the mainstay of the countrys rescue up until the end of the First Republic has taken the back burner no thanks to the seeming ease with which petro-dollars have come to us since the oil boom in the 1970s. As Nigerias oil anticipation increased, political leaders found more money to siphon or launder even as they neglect to sustain the structures which made life meaningful for the citizenry. Today, life is almost unbearable for the average Nigerian. Nigerian leaders seem to forget that it was this kind of atmosphere that ushered in the French revolution. Nigeria has not learnt from history. Hence, from this exposition of Nigerian experience, I continue to maintain that history teaches us that history teaches nothing because people have failed to learn from the lessons of history.5.0 EVALUATION AND CONCLUSIONSome may tend to argue that defending the idea that history teaches us that history teaches nothing is already affirming that history teaches somethingbecause being aware that history teaches nothing is already teaching something from history. Remember, the premise of my argument is that history teaches us that history teaches nothing, put in another way we learn from history that we do not learn from history. This points to the fact that people and nations have failed woefully to apply the lessons of history to promote human well-fare. Thus, Hegel is right when he maintained that we learn very little from history in a global sense. Therefore, history teaches us nothing if we fail to observe the past, ask appropriate questions and learn from the lessons of history.BIBLIOGRAPHY1 Carr, Edward H. (1961). What is History? p.1082 Evans, Richard J. The Two Faces of E. H. Carr. History In Focus. An article published by Palgrave, 2001.3 Marwick, Arthur The Nature of History The MacMillian Press LTD. pg. 169, 1970.4 Professor Arthur Marwick in his article titled The Fundamentals of History In E. H. Carrs What Is History?5 Whitney, W. D. The light speed dictionary an encyclopaedic lexicon of English language. New York The Century Co, 1889.6 Encarta Microsoft Electronic Dictionary 2010 edition7 Encyclopdia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago Encyclopdia Britannica, 2011.8 Hegels Lectures on Philosophy of History which was assessed online on the 3rd of November, 2013.9 Achebe, Chinua. The Trouble with Nigeria, Enugu FourthDimension Publishing. Co. Ltd.Reprinted 1998. Print.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Benefits to having a CFO as CEO Essay

ramify IIn todays complex business environment, to a greater extent and more than companies argon turning to Chief pay Officers (chief financial officer) to assume the premier position of Chief Executive Officer ( chief executive officer) of the company. However, the qualities postulate of a chief executive officer ar not always in line with the training and experiences of a condition chief financial officer. Yet the chief financial officer groundwork bring many qualities to the CEO position to help a company succeed. What are the benefits to having a CFO as CEO, and what are the call for qualities of a CEO that may hamper the CFOs conquest in this position?As the ternaryer of a corporation, the CEO moldiness be a sanitary rounded leader. The CEOs key responsibility is making critical strategic decisions and creating conditions for those to be well-executed He must have the people skills to motivate and build consensus both among the employees, shareholders, and board mem bers. He must be able to develop a strategy and swiftly and effectively implement it.A CEO must think at a higher(prenominal) level of abstraction more inductively and less deductively. A CEO must be more willing and able to act on key decisions with fewer facts, relying more on grounded assumptions. And a CEO must be able to communicate effectively to a broader constituency in particular, he must be far more politic whollyy attuned. John Dasburg, CEO of Burger King and former CFO of Marriott International IncGenerally the CEO is more concerned with the Big Picture of the company, and john not undergo to immerse themselves in the details of any specific area. They are the motivators and leaders. Often the CEO can be supremacyful simply by selling his vision and strategic plan, while letting others such as the CFO work out the details. In contrast, people expect the CFO to be detai lead and analytical, plain critical in their examination of the strategic plan, by examining it for financial flaws.Probably the biggest barrier preventing CFOs from succeeding as CEOs is that of management skills. The CFO is an expert in the financial underpinnings of the company, but a lot is not required to scupper skill in people or project management. CEOs often make decisions based on the analytics, as well as intangibles learned from these skills intuition, personal knowledge of those involved, and consumer opinion for example. In addition, the CEO is often required to make decisions with limited while to examine the details,something the CFO is apt to specifically not do.The CFO is trained collect and analyze all the data before coming to a decision. They tonicity at contrasting factors, from NPV to the timing of cash flow and returns then calculate the riskiness of the investment. The CEO will often look at the same data, yet will not give the hard numbers the same saddle as the CFO. Instead, those intangibles may weigh heavily in the making of the decision. T he CEO is often willing to immerse take more risk than the CFO. The transition to being able to make the hard decision without all the data may be a difficult one for the analytically oriented CFO to make.another(prenominal) functional area the CFO will have little experience in is selling. Sales and marketing will always be an important part of business. Many CFOs are hired to cut cost to increase the efficiency of a company. Marketing is generally a favorite target of the cost cutters. In a sluggish market, this may be effective, but in a growth market such as seen in recent years, focusing more on marketing can led a company to success. CFOs rarely have experience or reason of marketing and sales, and their relationship to the market. This lack of consecrate experience can harm a company when it needs to grow to succeed.However, the recent economic down-turn, to involve the fall of the dot-coms and telecommunications companies, the numerous high-profile scandals that have ra cked prominent companies and the global growth that continues in all business has led to financial expertise being a top priority for a new CEO. The CFO can bring many skill sets to the CEO position to mitigate the complexity and public, and government, oversight prevalent in todays business environment.By definition, CFOs are more focused on the finances than a CEO normally is. However a financial background can greatly help a CEO to understand the position of the company, and can lead to enhanced success, while at the same time staying out of the scandals.The responsibility for regulatory compliance is the domain of the CFO. They are trained in the details required to keep the company within the legal bounds. As stated by Deborah Thomas, head of treasury at Michael Page InternationalThe CFO has had to pick up responsibility for responding to regulatory changes. And with regulation, compliance and corporate risk at the forefront of everyones minds, the CFO makes the perfect choice for CEOBy the time a person is promoted to CFO, they possess an innate understanding of the regulations, legal requirements, and a comprehensive knowledge of the financial status of the company. These are all skills that a CEO needs to possess to be successful. As a CEO, the CFO may be capable of managing the regulatory complexities, while still finding opportunities for growth.Todays CFO is better-rounded than those in the past. Partly due to the recent scandals, the CFO works closely with the CEO in maturation and executing strategy. It is often the CFO who is now the face of the company, managing the daily relationships with the shareholders. Todays CFO is invested in the daily operations of the company, and will now come to the CEO seat with a full understanding of operations and strategy.With business becoming increasingly complex, due to increased public oversight, regulation, and global growth it is assertive that a CEO have a strong financial background.Having the financi al background can lead a company to increased success. Rather than trusting those intangibles, the CFO may make decisions based more higher probabilities of success. He may avoid the big risks, and subsequent big payoffs, but will often show a steady growth and return. In fact, according to a study by Duke University, companies that are run by optimistic, dynamic CEOs often run a higher level of short-term debt and cause to time the debt market, a sign of taking risks. Whereas companies run by former CFOs tend to have higher debt to equity ratios, an indication of stability.It is this ability to negotiate the risks that places the CFO as a highlydesirable CEO candidate. The CFO is able to assess the risks and their impact on financial performance. The CFO seems to perform well overall as a CEO. So well that the trend is growing, according to CFO Magazine in 2005, 20 percent of Fortune 100 CEOs were once CFOs, up from 12 percent in 1995. The key to success for the CFO seeking to be come a CEO is to round out their experiences. They will possess they good expertise to perform the job, they just need to be able to supplement that skill with the management and grotesque skills requisite for a good CEO.References1. Durfee, Don. SAY YES TO DR NO New research suggests that CFOs are an essential proportionality to optimistic CEOs.CFO Asia, 7 Sep 2006http//www.cfoasia.com/archives/200609-07.htm2. Favaro, Paul. Making the Leap from CFO to CEO.Financial Executives Online. November 2001http//www.favaro.net/publications/cfo-to-ceo/CFOtoCEO.htm3. Durfee, Don. The top Spot Why more companies are tapping their finance chiefs for CEO.CFO Magazine. 1 October 2005http//www.cfo.com/article.cfm/44444684. Corporate Finance. CFO to CEO1 April 2005http//www.cristassociates.com/ iron out/CorpFin_CFOtoCEO_040105.pdf